Autoimmune Th17 cells induced synovial stromal and innate lymphoid cell secretion of GM-CSF to initiate and augment autoimmune arthritis (Sakaguchi Group, in Immunity)

Hirota and Sakaguchi’s group showed arthritogenic Th17 cells stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes via interleukin-17 (IL-17) to secrete the cytokine GM-CSF and also expanded synovial-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in inflamed joints.

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